Igor Ivanov

Series of Educational Lectures

Time Scales: Travelling Deep into the Second with Historical Sketches

An overwhelming world of rapidly-evolving phenomena is squeezed into one second. Objects, matter, atoms, nuclei—specific processes unfold at every special scale in various time ranges. With this series of compact educational lectures, we will walk down the stairs of time ranges—milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds, picoseconds and even deeper. We will focus on the interplay of phenomena, and historical sketches about the first attempts of novice researchers in different areas will complement the narration.

Watch the series on YouTube

Lecture 1. Milliseconds and microseconds.

Phenomena of the world around and photo experiments with things at hand. Vibration of microscopic drops. How to catch a 1-kHz flickering with an unaided eye.

Presentation

Further reading:

Measure your reaction time on the website: humanbenchmark.com/tests/reactiontime
Easy-to-follow explanation how a single strand of spaghetti breaks into pieces: elementy.ru/problems/986/
Fascinating videos by Destin Sandlin with a Phanton v1610 camera (250 000 fps): elementy.ru/link/Sandlin
Video by Destin Sandlin with his commentary on "Prince Rupert’s drops": youtu.be/xe-f4gokRBs
Some instructive popular science literature:
- Гегузин Я.Е. Пузыри (Библиотечка «Квант», вып. 46). М.: Наука. 1985
- Майер В. В. Капли. Струи. Звук. М.: Физматлит. 2008
- Асламазов Л.Г., Варламов А.А. Удивительная физика. М.: Добросвет, 2017
Drop detachment and fluid thread breakup: elementy.ru/problems/811/; Eggers, Villermaux (2008) doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/71/3/036601

Lecture 2. Early history of high-speed photography.

Birth of photography. Exposure time: hours, minutes, seconds. “Momentary” photography. Muybridge’s horses and Marey’s chronophotography. Mach’s microsecond image.

Presentation

Further reading:

Чибисов К.Б. Очерки по истории фотографии // М.: Искусство, 1987
Дариус Дж. Недоступное глазу // М.: Мир, 1986 (Darius Jon. Beyond Vision. Oxford University Press, 1984)
Фризо М. Новая история фотографии / А. Г. Наследников, А. В. Шестаков. — СПб.: Machina, 2008 (Frizot Michel. Nouvelle histoire de la photographie. Larousse, édition 2001)
Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography // ed. John Hannavy, Taylor & Francis, 2008
Documents on the photography invention: Correspondence of J. N. Niépce, J. M. Daguerre and others (Переписка Ж.Н. Ниепса, Ж.М. Дагерра и других лиц. // М.-Л. Издательство АН СССР, 1949)
History of photography, YouTube channel "ТотСамыйШкаф". https://youtu.be/gkZQ64jrEMg

Lecture 3. Acoustics.

Human frequency range and home experiments. Phonetics and formants. Acoustics history across the 19th century. Sound absorption.

Presentation

Further reading:

Springer Handbook of Acoustics, Springer, New York, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0755-7
Морозов В.П. Занимательная биоакустика. М.: Знание. 1987
Underwater Acoustics: Noise and the Effects on Marine Mammals. http://oalib.hlsresearch.com/PocketBook%203rd%20ed.pdf
Fastl H., Zwicker E., Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models. Springer. 2007 https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540231592
Yost, W. A. (2015). Psychoacoustics: A brief historical overview. Acoustics Today, 11(3), 46-53.

Lecture 4. Ultrasound and phononics.

14.10.2020 15:00

History of ultrasonic studies and hydroacoustics: from bats to the sonar. Ultrasound in medicine: diagnostics and therapy. Hypersound and phonons: the tools of modern phononics.

Presentation

Further reading:

Ультразвук. Маленькая энциклопедия. М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1979
Springer Handbook of Acoustics, Springer, New York, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0755-7
Морозов В.П. Занимательная биоакустика. М.: Знание. 1987
Гаврилов Л. Р. Фокусированный ультразвук высокой интенсивности в медицине. М.: ФАЗИС. 2013. https://istina.msu.ru/publications/book/60959483/
Ensminger D., Bond L.J. Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Applications. CRC Press. 2011.
Maldovan, M. Sound and heat revolutions in phononics. Nature 503, 209– 217 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12608
Cummer, S., Christensen, J. & Alù, A. Controlling sound with acoustic metamaterials. Nat Rev Mater 1, 16001 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.1

Lecture 5. Nanoseconds and picoseconds.

21.10.2020 15:00

Molecular motion: Speed and time scale evaluation. Protein folding. “Life” of positrons in a crystal. The first picosecond of ultra-high-speed melting.

Presentation

Further reading:

Маргулис М. А. Сонолюминесценция. УФН 170 263–287 (2000) https://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2000/3/c/
B.P. Barber et al. Defining the unknowns of sonoluminescence (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(96)00050-6
M.P. Brenner, S. Hilgenfeldt, D. Lohse. Single-bubble sonoluminescence (2002) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.425
K. Suslick et al, The Chemical History of a Bubble (2018) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00088
И. Кренёв, Проблема фолдинга белка // Биомолекула https://biomolecula.ru/articles/problema-foldinga-belka
Графутин В И, Прокопьев Е П "Применение позитронной аннигиляционной спектроскопии для изучения строения вещества" УФН 172 67–83 (2002) https://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2002/1/c/
C. Hugenschmidt. Positrons in surface physics (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2016.09.002

Lecture 6. Femtoworld.

28.10.2020 15:00

Motion of electrons and light. Pump-probe method. The first picosecond of melting. Femtochemistry and femtobiology.

Presentation

Further reading:

Бучаченко А.Л. Время в химии // Соросовский образовательный журнал, 2001, №8. http://window.edu.ru/resource/514/21514
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1999/press-release/
Ahmed H. Zewail. Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 24, 5660–5694 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001460h
V. Sundström. Femtobiology. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2008. 59:53–77 http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093615
N. Lambert et al. Quantum biology. Nature Physics 9, 10–18 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2474

Lecture 7. The atom from inside.

Innermost electrons. Tools of attophysics. Excited atoms.

Presentation

Further reading:

P. Peng, C. Marceau, D. M. Villeneuve, Attosecond imaging of molecules using high harmonic spectroscopy, Nature Rev Phys 1, 144 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-018-0015-1
R. Pazourek, S. Nagele, J. Burgdörfer. Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission. Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 765 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.87.765
F. Krausz, M. Ivanov. Attosecond physics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.163
P. Corkum, F. Krausz, Attosecond science. Nature Phys 3, 381 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys620

Lecture 8. Zeptoseconds and yoctoseconds.

11.11.2020 15:00

Nuclear time scale. Lifetime of isotopes. Crystal blocking technique. Collision of relativistic nuclei.

Presentation

Further reading:

Optical research facilitates the studies of neutron halo nuclei https://elementy.ru/novosti_nauki/432114/
The CMS detector has traced unusual particle correlations https://elementy.ru/novosti_nauki/431410/
Half-lives of uranium isotopes https://elementy.ru/time/nuclear/nuclear-3.html
Determining the duration of nuclear reactions with heavy ions, S. A. Karamyan, Particles and Nuclei, Letters http://www1.jinr.ru/Archive/Pepan/1986-v17/v-17-4/4.htm
Lifetime of elementary particles https://elementy.ru/time/particles/particles-5.html